educationitaly.org

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This article considers special education in Italy, inclusive education in particular. If you want to study in Italy, but your disabilities prevent you from this, don’t worry – Italian system of education provides all the necessary conditions for disabled students as well.

Yes, wheelchair accessibility is not found everywhere in Italy, but people help, you know. Don’t fail to miss a great opportunity to study in Italy only because of your fears. You have to find some people for your personal assistance and pushing your wheelchair.

When you get to Italian school, you’ll find labor intensive wheelchair accessibility. The school stuff is always ready to help you if there is a need to carry you. You’ll see that soon your Italian will be improving only.

In 1960s Italian disabled students were first integrated into the school system. During the 1970s such integration policy became a national one. In Italy this integration is still in progress. There are students who have severe disabilities. When comparing Italian and American educational systems and principles, there are of course some differences found. Italian national policy is taken for granted. It is absolutely unfamiliar for Italians to hear that pupils with disabilities could be segregated, as they are in the States. Italians consider that children should belong together. Italian parents don’t have to undergo court proceedings, so that their children with disabilities could get into integrated classes.

Another peculiar feature of Italian education is the role of Italian arts and history. These subjects are integrated into everyday curriculum. Italians are proud of their culture, which is world-known, one of the richest, if not the richest on the Earth. Even pupils studying according to simplified modified curricula learn about famous Italian artists. Teachers use adapted materials; and even in preschools Italian children are surrounded by the fine artwork. Aesthetics is another obligatory subject.

Inclusive education involves all the teachers in the class, there is also a special education teacher to support pupils.

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Those who are planning to study in Italy and are interested in Biomedical Engineering as their major should know some facts considering this subject. It was 1968 when biomedical engineering became taught in Italian higher institutions. The University of Padova taught Biomedical Electronics; the University of Naples – Bio-energetic; the Polytechnic of Milan started the course of Biological Electronics. Time passed, there were many changes, developments and innovations, and today educational courses and programs are various and numerous. Many Italian universities offer Biomedical Engineering as a major.

For the first time post-graduate courses were established in Italy in 1971-1972, the University of Naples taught Biomedical instrumentation for post-graduates then. The first time Italian students could earn the degree of Bioengineering PhD was in 1982. Various Italian universities made a consortium. Its administrative headquarters were situated in Bologna and Milan.

Since the year of 2000 about 19 Italian Universities teach Biomedical Engineering. The number of courses for undergraduates is 150. They are available in many universities throughout the country: Ancona, Brescia, Firenze, Milano, Napoli, Pavia, Roma, Torino, Sassari, Bologna, Genova, Padova, Pisa, Siena and others.

Post-graduate and PhD courses in Bioengineering are not that numerous. They are available in only 9 Italian universities.

In 2001 the European Higher Education faced the reform. Italy adopted new educational system. Today getting the first level degree would take Italian students 3 years; then goes specialist degree (the second level) – the course lasts 2 years; then go Masters and the PhD degrees.

If you are planning to get the Italian degree of the first level in Biomedical Engineering you should search universities in Bologna, Milano, Padova, Pisa, Roma, Torino, Ancona, Genova, Napoli, Pavia and Trieste.

Nowadays you have more freedom and choice in the education system as the strict curriculum adherence went out of date. Although it provides unifrom standards it is sometimes difficult for slow learners to manage to learn all disciplines. Some experimental classes have recently been introduced where students choose the subjects on their own.

There exist as state schools and universities as private educational institutions. The stages of the education system are as following: higher education, upper and lower secondary school, primary school and pre-school. If you are a foreigner and live in Italy you can obtain state education free of charge.

Starting from the age of 6 you are obliged to study till 16 years old. Then the education remains free but every year you have to pay the tax for enrolment which is €20. The university enrollment tax is €130. Every foreigner can study free at the italian university and if you a non-EU student you need visa for a student.

Italian Qualifications

The majority of the shool-graduates enroll for further education whereas some students apply for a job just after they leave the school. If to compare with the rest of the world there is the highest amount of students who continue their study for the professional qualification as long as ther is the lowest percentage of just university-graduates and stidents with secondary school profession.

There are two reasons for this: conventional Italian education and 7-8 years for obtaining a degree. However, Italian education is very valuable all over the world comparing to other countries .

Curricula and examinations

The Ministry of Education, an advisory board and the National Education Council is responsible as for examinations as for the curricula. Although the quality of education differs greatly in the north and in the south of Italy.

Recently the schools acquire more and more autonomy in curricula creation and financing system. Italian education system was born in 1946. Now the teaching methods are regarded as old-fashioned and critisized for learning a lot by heart. As the Ministry of Education determine the core curriculum doesn’t always respond for the demands of the students. And student sometimes can’t choose the best individual plan for them.

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In the year of 2003 Adel Smith, a Muslim Leader complained that in the classrooms of his children crucifixes are displayed. It happened in Italy, in one of the towns in the central part of the country, in the Abruzzo region – L’Aquilla. Mr. Smith asked at first to place the quote from the book of Koran next to the crucifixes. This was refused. So he complained, the crucifixes then should be taken away. Neo-nazi threats followed, and Adel was put under the protection of police.
 
Commenting the situation, Cardinal Ersilio Tonini considered that removing the symbol of people’s values, cultural and religious, is not right, even though it offends someone. The judge upheld the complaint. Pope John Paul II thought such actions can lead to the conflicts.
 
In 1920 there was a law made that all the public schools in Italy have to possess crucifixes in the classrooms. Not every school followed it. But such law existed. This law was upheld again in 2006. Religion is a considerable part of Italian culture, so serious debates started.
 
Since the 1980-s Catholicism was not an official Italian state religion. But the Council of State thought that the main principles of Italian culture have their origin in Christianity. Its values inspired Italian Constitution and a peaceful living together.
 
Catholic religious education is required since the early age. But you can opt out of it. When kids are 2 years old, their parents choose some religious education as pre-school. There is an alternative in the way of a non-religious class. Children there study human rights, legends and myths of different countries. They are not preparing for Catholic confirmation.
 
The laws dating 1884, 1929 (the Lateran Treaty) and 1985 state that Catholicism should be taught in all public schools as it is a part of Italian history and culture. But it doesn’t mean everyone is obliged to study it. The freedom of conscience is respected in the country. Everyone has the right to choose. Request the school authorities for making a choice what religion to study. There should be no religious discrimination.
 
In 2006 Adel Smith was sentenced to spend eight months in prison. His mother was in the hospital; there was a crucifix in her room. Mr. Smith asked the hospital authorities to remove it. It was refused, and Adel threw the crucifix out of the window.

Recently the structure of Italian higher and compulsory education has been changed. This has led to the compatibility of Italian universities with the rest of European universities. Italian education became more flexible, so it became easier to study for the foreigners.
 
Speaking about Italian Higher Education, universities execute two main tasks: researching and teaching. One of the advantages is that universities are academically autonomous. Their freedom is guaranteed by the law. Bologna is the oldest university in the world. It was founded in 1088. Turin, Florence, Naples, Rome, Ferrara and Milan are among the university centers in Italy.
 
An additional advantage is the equality of the admission for everyone. Requirements’ equivalent has been stated already. But the number of foreign students in Italian universities is limited; besides foreigners are obliged to take a preparation course in the Italian language.
 
There are some programs created especially for the foreign students. You may come to study to Italy with the help of Socrates or Erasmus programs. What a foreign student gets is the support of his/her home institution. To apply for studying in one of Italian universities is simple and quick. You’ll be pleasantly surprised by the positive attitude towards participants of Socrates/Erasmus programs. They have an elevated status. The environment is good organized.
 
Qualify and enjoy your studying in Italy!

It is hardly possible to divide education in Italy into elementary and secondary, as nowadays there are three main sections.
 
At first Italian children go to “scuola elementare”. It is the first level of education. Since children get 6 they start going to school. “Scuola elementare” lasts for 5 years. After it pupils go to “scuola media”. In three years they are getting “Diploma di Licenza di Scuola Media”. Only after it pupils have the right to continue their studying. Obligatory education ends when children are 14. Then they may take 4 or 5-year course.
 
There are many high schools in Italy, so pupils can choose any “liceo”. The specializations are various: classical, artistic, linguistic or scientific. The other way school graduates may choose is to go to “instituto”, where they may get technical, industrial or commercial education. Besides that Italian institutes prepare techers for elementary schools.
 
To complete the course and get “diploma di maturita” students take a State examination. After ir students have the right to study at the university. You have to take a 5-year course to be able to attend an Italian university. If your course is a 4-year one, be ready to have an additional integrated year.
 
But not so long ago Italy faced some changes in the education. One of the recent changes is that the age of compulsory education is 16 now. Instead of “liceo” and “instituto”, Italian pupils are obligednow to have 2-year general courses, “biennio”. Then three more years of the specialized education go (“trienno” is optional). There are many new disciplines taught. Students have 34 hours of classes per week. All this leads to a good level of Italian students’ education.